Influenza viruses are enveloped RNA viruses, belonging to the family Orthomyxoviridae.
They are divided into three general, influenza A, B and C viruses, distinguishable on the basis of antigenic differences between their matrix and nucleoproteins.
The influenza A viruses are responsible for pandemic outbreaks of influenza and for most of the well known annual epidemics.
Influenza viruses primarily avian viruses, but also infect a wide variety of animals, including pigs, horses and seals.
The A viruses contain two major envelope glycoprotein, hemagglutinin and neurominidase.
Subtypes are classified by the surface proteins of the virus called hemagglutinin – H and neuraminidase – N.
H1N1 influenza A virus appeared in 2009. It is very important veterinary and human health pathogens around the world.
Influenza A virus infection begins in the nasal and tracheal airways and can spread throughout the upper and lower respiratory tract.
Clinical symptoms of an acute human influenza A virus infection can range from mild to severe and typically include fever, cough, headache and malaise.
Influenza A
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